Introduction to International Relations Dersi 6. Ünite Sorularla Öğrenelim

What are the reasons for the International Organisations to exist?

International organisations of all types act as part of global governance to address the most basic of concerns: security, freedom, order, justice, and welfare.

What does the term ‘global governance’ mean?

Global governance means all the processes that coordinate and control organizational resources and actions—all over the world.

How are international organisations categorised? 

International organizations are usually classified into two main groups, international governmental (intergovernmental) organizations and international nongovernmental organizations.

What does the term epistemic communities refer to?

Epistemic communities are a network of professionals with both recognized expertise and competence in a domain and an authoritative claim to policy-relevant knowledge within that domain or issue-area.

What was the main reason for the foundation of the United Nations?

The massive devastation in Europe and worldwide forced world leaders to confront the unquestionable fact that war on a massive scale had destroyed their territories and populations.

Why were the Nuremberg Trials held in Germany important to the evolving shape of the United Nations?

The standardization of certain types of crimes and the court’s makeup represented advances that would be used afterwards by the United Nations to develop specific international jurisprudence regarding war crime, crimes against humanity.

What are the United Nations main objectives?

The United Nations has four purposes; to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights, and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

What are the main Organs of the United Nations?

The six main organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council (now inactive), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN Secretariat.

What are the responsibilities of the United Nations Secretary-General and Secretariat?

The Office of the Secretary-General and its Secretariat provide administrative services for the United Nations.

What are the qualities that make the European Union a unique organization?

One of the most significant reasons that make the European Union special is the member states having democracy in their culture rather than the Union bringing it to them. The EU governs without government and it has a democratic tradition running through many of its member states. Democracy is fundamental to the European Union; it is a condition of entry for all applicant countries and is promoted as a part of European identity.

What were the previous organizations in Europe before the name ‘the European Union’ was adopted? 

In the 1950s the ‘European Coal and Steel Community’ was formed. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created the ‘European Economic Community’, or the ‘Common Market’, later renamed the ‘European Community’. In 1986, the Single European Act was signed and this created the ‘Single Market’. The name, the ‘European Union’, was adopted in 1993.

What is the organizational structure of the European Union?

EU Institutions are; European Commission, the Council of the EU, European Parliament, Economic, Social Committee, Committee of the Regions, European Council, European Court of Justice and European Court of Auditors.

What must a European state do to join the European Union?

Any European State needs to fulfill specific economic and political conditions called the Copenhagen Criteria, which require a stable democratic government that respects the rule of law and its corresponding freedoms and institutions, including those regarding human rights. Under the terms of the Maastricht Treaty, all current member states and the European Parliament must agree to any enlargement.

What is the latest development regarding European Union membership?

‘Brexit’ is the latest development, the United Kingdom tends to disentangle from the European Union.

What was the purpose of the he Organization of American States?

Its initial purpose was to address economic, military, and cultural matters.

What is the structure of the Organization of American States?

The structure and functions of the OAS are very similar to other organizations of this type; General Assembly, Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Councils, Inter-American Juridical Committee, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, General Secretariat, Specialized Conferences and Specialized Organizations.

Are the International Red Cross, Red Crescent and the Red Crystal recognized by states although they are nongovernmental organizations?

The ICRC and its affiliates are world-renowned and highly esteemed for their assistance efforts, and is well-respected internationally. The ICRC holds near-universal recognition by states, individuals, and organizations.

What is the purpose of Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans Frontières-MSF) as an international nongovernmental organization?

Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans Frontières-MSF) was founded in 1971. Their motto is, ‘Medical aid where it is needed most. Independent. Neutral. Impartial’. MSF provide medical care and work to gain donations of vital medical supplies, medications, hard equipment like incubators, prostheses, braces, medical beds, etc.

What is the intention of Oxfam?

Oxfam is an international confederation of 20 organizations working together against poverty.

How do Violent Non-State Actors affect states?

Violent Non-State Actors take away control of the use of force from the state and challenge the government to maintain economic activities and perform additional duties to citizens.